Chapter 27 - Organic Compounds

Key Terms:

Objectives of chapter:

• recognize why carbon is such a unique element
• identify how fossil fuels are a valuable source for material goods
• explain how petroleum is refined into various products
• appreciate the diversity of carbon compounds

Outline:

27.1 Organic Chemistry is the study of organic chemicals

Characteristics of organics

All organic compounds contain "C" carbon

90% of all compounds are organic

Examples:animals, plants, oil, coal, food, and soap

Why?

It has 4 bonding sides

Can double or triple bond

Can bond in rings

27.2 Simplest organic compounds are the hydrocarbons

Hydrogen and Carbon only CH4 as an example

isomers are the same formula but a different structure

Hydrocarbons H & C

	Methane	Ethane	Propane	Butane	Pentane
Structure		-C-C-	-C-C-C-	-C-C-C-C-	-C-C-C-C-C-
Formula	CH4	C2H6	C3H8	C4H10	C5H12
burning temperature	Coolest	.	.	.	Hottest

Substituted Hydrocarbons - Alcohols OH substituted for H

	Methanol	Ethanol	Propanol	Butanol	Pentanol
Structure		-C-C-OH-	-C-C-C-OH-	-C-C-C-C-OH-	-C-C-C-C-C-OH-
Formula	CH3OH	C2H5OH	C3H7OH	C4H9OH	C5H11OH
	Coolest	.	.	.	Hottest

Chlorine based cleaners - Cl substituted for H

Organic Acids - COOH substituted for H

 

27.3 Saturated vs Unsaturated? what does it mean?

Saturated -single bonds

Unsaturated-double or triple bonds

 

27.4 Organic compounds are classified by functional group

Special organic compounds table 27.1

general structure	name	class
.	hydroxyl group	alcohols
.	ether group	ethers
.	amine group	amines
.	ketone group
.	aldehyde group
.	amide group
.	carboxyl group	carboxylic acids
.	ester group

interactive tutorial - 27.4 functional groups and isomers

Chapter links

the chemistry of chocolate - http://www.icco.org

Chevron corporation learning site - http://www.chevron.com/explore/index.html

fire and spice the chemistry of flavors

class text - conceptual physical science

PCDS useful links - sorted by topic

Related labs, activities and videos

energy content of foods - lab

evaporation of alcohols - lab

molecules of life - lab

smells great - organic esters - lab

difficult decisions - greenhouse gases and global warming

video - alterations in the atmosphere

Practice Book Exercises

structure of organic compounds - page 101

 

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