compounds - lecture notes

1. WHAT IS A COMPOUND?

A. examples from our everyday lives:

ice	caffeine	nicotine
chlorophyll	aspirin	benzene

 

acids
bases
oxides
salts
organic vs inorganic

B. Definition:

a chemical compound is a substance containing two or more elements that are chemically bonded always in the same ratio.

C. Bonds

can be ionic , covalent or metallic

covalent - most common

examples. water, sugar, carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide( most everyday products)

examples. special diatomic elements

F-F, N-N, Br-Br
metallic bonds are most fluid because they share electrons covalent bonds are also supple, can be very polar as well ionic bonds are brittle and strong
ex. salt NaCl

2. SPECIAL COMPOUNDS

A. ACIDS / BASES

ACIDS are hydrogen atom donors (H+)
BASES are hydrogen ion deficient or hydroxide ion donors (OH-)
examples. HCl (acid) and NaOH (base)
common acids include. lemon juice, vinegar
common bases include drano, baking soda
pH scale introduction

B. SALTS

result from the ionic bonding of metal and non metal
and are a byproduct of the neutralization of an acid or base
ex. HCl + NaOH -----> NaCl + HOH

C. OXIDES

result from Oxygen bonding with something
ex. rust, hemoglobin, nitrogen oxide

D. ORGANIC vs. INORGANIC
having the element carbon

some fun organic compounds in our foods - fire and spice

Examples of molecules

Molecule of the Month Page

Chem4Kids:Atoms:Compounds

 

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